主题:为什么碳正离子上给电子基团越多位移值反而升高?

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degeangel
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比如三甲基取代碳正离子就比二甲基取代的位移值高?
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celan
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chasgone
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原文由 degeangel 发表:
比如三甲基取代碳正离子就比二甲基取代的位移值高?


你说的是碳谱吗?若是的话,你可以这样想:叔碳比仲碳的化学位移要高呀
instrueagle
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I assume you are talking about the carbon spectrum. When the number of methyl groups increases, the electron claud around the carbon of interest becomes denser, which forms chemical shielding, thus it needs higher magnetic power for its resonance (that is, its chemical shift becomes higher).
chasgone
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原文由 instrueagle 发表:
I assume you are talking about the carbon spectrum. When the number of methyl groups increases, the electron claud around the carbon of interest becomes denser, which forms chemical shielding, thus it needs higher magnetic power for its resonance (that is, its chemical shift becomes higher).


照你的说法,化学位移应该越低才对呀?因为高磁场对应的是低位移哦
instrueagle
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In this equaiton: B=B0(1-delta), delta is the shielding factor, if delta increases (meaning the shielding gets higher), the magnetic field strength the nucleus "feels" is lower, that is the chemical shift is higher.In a normal Fourier Transformation NMR spectrum, the chemical shift increases from the right hand side to the left.
daiyi
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原文由 instrueagle 发表:
In this equaiton: B=B0(1-delta), delta is the shielding factor, if delta increases (meaning the shielding gets higher), the magnetic field strength the nucleus "feels" is lower, that is the chemical shift is higher.In a normal Fourier Transformation NMR spectrum, the chemical shift increases from the right hand side to the left.


这位老师,你的公式是对的,理解也是对的,但是结论错了。

任何原子都有固有的进动频率,或者说在固有的场强(假设为Bx)下才会发生进动。但是由于原子周围的磁屏蔽作用,使得原子自身感受的场强(B)与外界施加的场强(B0)不一致(略微低于B0),因此需要提高外界施加的场强(B0),以使得B=Bx,从而使原子产生进动。因此,对于有屏蔽作用的原子,其发生进动时,外界场强B0相对的要更高些,化学位移则更低些。
daiyi
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原文由 degeangel 发表:
比如三甲基取代碳正离子就比二甲基取代的位移值高?


楼主的问题不够明确啊。

第一,核磁共振测试的是稳态分子,怎么会存在正碳离子呢?

第二,三甲基取代和二甲基取代的比较时,二取代的碳上,所连接的另一个原子是什么呢?是氢吗?
chasgone
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原文由 instrueagle 发表:
In this equaiton: B=B0(1-delta), delta is the shielding factor, if delta increases (meaning the shielding gets higher), the magnetic field strength the nucleus "feels" is lower, that is the chemical shift is higher.In a normal Fourier Transformation NMR spectrum, the chemical shift increases from the right hand side to the left.


daiyi说的对,分析是正确的,但是结论错了,正是由于the magnetic field strength the nucleus "feels" is lower,所以化学位移应该低一些才对。
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