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How STJs work
Understanding STJs is not difficult. The detector is simply a junction between 2 superconducting films, separated by an ultra-thin oxide layer. Because the detector temperature is close to absolute zero,electrons exist in their superconductive stage as Cooper pairs.
Impinging particles generate phonons (lattice vibrations), which in turn back Cooper pairs into free electrons. Such electrons tunnel through the insulating oxide layer and thus cause a measurable current over the junction. The current is directly proportional to the (kinetic) energy deposited by the original impact. As the phonons diffuse, the Cooper pairs are restored and current ceases to flow. Clearly, every impact transfers energy to the junction and generates a current, hence the detector is 100% efficient. The kinetic energy of an accelerated ion is the same regardless of its mass, hence the current produced by the detector is also independent of its mass.