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Technique and Advance of
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Xu Guowang, Ye Fe, Kong Hongwei, Lu Xin, Zhao Xinjie
(National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116011, China)
Many analytical problems require more resolution than the conventional single column chromatographic technique can provide. In such cases the separation power can be enhanced by using more than one separation technique or mechanism. The sample is then dispersed in different time dimensions. The resolution obtained depends strongly on the difference between these dimensions. The highest resolution is gained when there is no correlation between the separations, the dimensions being orthogonal to each other. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC´GC) provides a true orthogonal separation system in which a modulator serially couples two columns containing dissimilar stationary phases. It focuses and subsequently reinjects components eluting from the first column into the second one. The system generates a peak capacity that is approximately equal to the product of the peak capacities of the two individual separation systems. In this paper, technique and instrumental considerations of GC´GC are discussed. The three designs of contemporary GC´GC systems are presented and compared. A number of typical applications on complex samples such as petroleum products and environmental pollutants are also cited. Finally, the future perspectives of GC´GC are simply discussed.
Key words: comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, orthogonal separations, review, gas chromatography, modulators, petroleum analysis, GC´GC
(注: 英文摘要的中译文同中文摘要.)
图 1 柴油的GC×GC色谱分离.
大约2000个峰被获得, 以化合物类型的谱带或结构异构体的子谱带排列。很好分布的谱带简化了解析。只有2米柱用于这个分析,用时60分钟。柱 1: 1m×0.1mm×3.0μm 007-1, 调制毛细管: 0.1m×0.1mm×3.0μm 007-1, 柱 2: 1.0m×0.1mm×0.1μm 007-1701. 柱温: 35℃,5min, at 5℃/min to 250℃. 谱图来自于Shell International Chemicals, Thornton, UK.
Fig.1 GC´GC chromatogram of gas oil.
The chromatogram exhibits about 2000 peaks arranged in bands of compound classes, and sub-bands of structural isomers. The orderly peak arrangement simplifies interpretation. Only two meters of column were used in this analysis, which lasted 60 minutes. Column 1: 1m×0.1mm×3.0μm 007-1, modulator 0.1m×0.1mm×3.0μm 007-1, column 2: 1.0m×0.1mm×0.1μm 007-1701. Column temperature: 35℃,5min, at 5℃/min to 250℃. The chromatogram from Shell International Chemicals, Thornton, UK.
(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所国家色谱研究分析中心, 大连116011)
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