主题：【转帖】文献检索知识 ！

一、文献、信息
　
1　定义：
文献：记录有知识的一切载体。媒体　media

2　功能：传递, 评价 (财富，凭证)

3　状况：数量，分布，运行环境

4　形式：
　

印刷型 Printed form
缩微型 Microform
Microfilm　microfiche
声像型 (视听型) Audio-Visual form
Compact audio/video form
机读型 (电子型) Machine Readable form
Electronic Publication
电子版本：floppy, Magnetic tape, CD-ROM, online, network
多媒体 multi-media：计算机对数字化视听信息交互存取。
　　
5　级别:
　
一次文献/信息 primary Literature/ info
Journal literature, Sci-Tech report, Proceedings
Patent specification, Paper, Thesis, Dissertation,
 
二次文献/信息 secondary literature /info
条目：entry reference citation record
文摘Abstract 索引Index 目录Catalog 题录Bibliography
 
三次文献 Tertiary literature/ info
Reference book,
6　类型与识别
　

科技图书Sci-Tech book
Monograph, Anthology, Textbook，Reference book,
科技期刊 Sci-Tech Journal (magazine, serial, periodical,)
科技报告 Sci-Tech Report
专利文献 Patent Document:
Patent specification/bulletin/aids,
 
会议文献 Conference paper:
Proceedings, compilation, collected paper, records
Meeting: workshop, seminar, colloquium, symposium, conference,

学位论文 Dissertation, Thesis
标准文献; 产品资料; 技术档案; 政府出版物
　
例1
Gong, Victor, and Norman Rudnick, Eds. AIDS: Facts and Issues. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1986.
例2
Schware, R. “ Climate Change in Water Supply: How Sensitive is the Northeast?” Climate Change and Water Supply. Washington, D. C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1986: 82-98

例3
Chun, Lu, and K. Y. Lan, “ Dynamic Analysis of Clamped Laminated Curved Panels.” Composite Structures. 30.4 (1995): 389-396
ISBN: International Standard Book Number 0-471-81086-x
ISSN: International Standard Serial Number 1003-3513
CN11-2856/G2

例4
Wang, C. M., et al, Software for Performing Gray-Scale Measurements of Optical Fiber End Faces, Nat. Inst. Stand. & Technol, Report NIST/TN-1370, 1994.

例5
Gough, P. A., et al, “ Electrothermal Simulation of Power Semiconductor Devices.” Proc. of the 3rd International Symposium Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs. Ed. Shbib, M. A. New York: IEEE, 1991: 89-94.

例6
Zaccarin, Andre and Liu Bede, Method and Apparatus for Deterring Motion Vectors for Image Sequences. U. S. Patent 5210605, 1993.

例7
Dong, Siyi Terry, The Modeling Analysis and Synthesis of Communication Protocols. Diss. Michigan U, 1991, Ann Arbor: UMI, 1992. 9228854.

规则：Author(s), Title, Source

参照：MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
　　　MLA: Modern Language Association
　
变通：30.4 = 30(4) = 30:4 = Vol.30，No.4 = v30, n4


二、文献、信息检索　Information Storage & Retrieval / Access
　
查询方法
直检法：专业核心期刊跟踪
常规法: 顺查法, 倒查法, 抽查法
追溯法: 参考文献, 引用目录
综合法: 分段法, 循环法, 交替法
　
1　检索的本质　匹配: 信息需求～信息集合
2　检索的手段　手检: 书本型工具(刊)
 

机检: 数据库系统
3　检索点(途径): Access Point
　　用文献各种内外特征,作为检索出发点, 从不同角度来检索文献信息.
 

分类(Classified)：所属学科性质，类别　　分类体系　现期检索
主题(Subject)： 　所属主题内容　　　　　主题词　　回溯检索
著者(Author)；团体著者(Corporate Author/Authors’Affiliation)
名称(Title)
代码(Code/Coden)