Repeat structure: - 30 direct repeats (≥ 30 bp) - 24 palindromes (≥ 30 bp) - Direct repeats (DR) within IGS, introns and ycf2 -72-bp DR within psaA and psaB exons - 34-bp DR within rrn23 exon - 32-bp DR within trnS-GCU and trnS-UGA exons
Comparison of Intergenic Spacer Regions (ISRs) of Solanaceae Chloroplast Genomes
ISRs constitute 40-45% of the chloroplast genome but only four spacer regions are fully conserved among all solanaceae genomes and none in grass genomes; some ISRs < 25%identity. Theoretical & Applied Genetics 112: 1503-1518, March 2006
Grape Chloroplast Genome Analysis • Maximum parsimony & likelihood analyses on 61 protein coding genes with 29 taxa, provide strong support for the position of Vitaceae as the earliest diverging lineage of Rosids.
Figure 2. Gene organization of a typical plastid chromosome from embryophytic plants, here from Atropa belladonna, in its c ircular monomeric form (Schmitz-Linneweber et al., 2002). Large and small single copy regions (LSC, SSC) are separated by t he inverted repeats IRA and IRB (bold), respectively. Intron-containing genes are marked by asterisks. Genes drawn inside the circle are transcribed clockwise, those outside anti-clockwise. Genes belonging to a functional group are marked by the same gray-scale/pattern. For abbreviations and nomenclature of genes, see Stoebe et al. (1998).
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