食品是人类赖以生存和繁衍的物质基础，食品安全则是关系到国计民生的重大问题。动植物产品在生长过程的源头污染及食品在生产过程中的非法添加是当前食品及农产品安全面临的主要问题，动植物源食品安全问题已成为人类关注的焦点^[1,³^]。2012-2018年全国31个省会/直辖市市售4万批次水果蔬菜样品农药残留普查显示，81.6%的样品检出残留农药，其中检出农药533种，共检出115981频次。2018-2019年，全国31个省会/直辖市360多个采样点，对7种茶叶4944例样品进行农药残留普查，共检出农药454种，41951频次。调查结果表明我国市售水果、蔬菜和茶叶农药残留普遍存在，形势不容乐观。流行病学研究表明，农药暴露与60余种慢性疾病相关^[^4,5^]。动物源食品中的兽药残留也会影响人类的健康和生命安全。例如，四环素类药物残留容易引发人类的胃肠道紊乱和过敏反应^[⁶^]，磺胺类药物残留增加了癌症的发病概率^[⁷^]。显然，农兽药残留在人体内蓄积会引发一系列的疾病。

农兽药种类繁多、品种复杂，不同的农兽药之间极性、溶解性、挥发性、稳定性各不相同。此外，人体中农兽药残留量甚微，且基质又非常复杂，水、蛋白质、脂肪、无机盐的存在，进一步增加了微量痕量农兽药提取、净化和检测的难度。在基质复杂的前提下，要想实现农兽药的高通量检测，选择合适的样品前处理方法至关重要。合适的样品前处理方法不仅可有效地除去目标物以外的杂质干扰，而且提高了测定的精确度和灵敏度，保护了仪器并延长其使用寿命。随着科学与技术的不断发展与进步，从传统的液液萃取和固相萃取前处理方法逐渐衍生出操作更加方便、快捷的磁性固相萃取和QuEChERS等新型前处理方法。近年来，农兽药残留的高通量前处理方法逐步发展成为研究热点之一^[^8-10^]。

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