41.It means reorganising them on democratic lines,with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned,loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole.
这意味着:要以民主的方式,由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念,同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。(on...1ines,“按照……方针,办法”,作状语。with...concerned介词短语作状语,用来修饰动名词reorganising。Made up of...过去分词短语作定语修饰boards。loyal...changes为形容词短语修饰workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技术员”的同位语,operating...as a whole为现
在分词短语作定语,也是用来修饰workers and technidans。它是与形容词短语loyal。。.是并列关系。arrive at作出(决定),得出(结论)等。句中arrived at...whole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。)
42.Thirty-five seconds into the flight,with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power,Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress.
“挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下,飞行了35秒后,同以前的航天飞机一样,正在承受着巨大的空气动力的压力。(with the solid...复合结构用作状语,有条件意味。)
43.A gas,such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine,has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and volume of the container.
气体,例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸气,既无一定的形状,也无一定的体积。气体的形状和体积是随着容器的形状和体积的改变而变化的。(change...with,“随……而变化”。)
44.Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold,and to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals.
金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用,不仅是由于它们具有上述这些性能,而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要的制品,同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地改变。(due to,“由于”。to these properties,to the fact,and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语从句。) 45.Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate towards each other with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses.
宇宙中任意两个质点均以某种力在相互吸引,该力与两质点之间距离的平方成反比,而与它们质量的乘积成正比,牛顿就是通过这一假设概括了这种思想。(with a force varying...为介词复合结构,用作状语,说明gravitate。vary directly as...,“与……成正比”。vary inverse1yas,“与……成反比”。)