主题：【分享】中英对照 河岸渗滤的前景—— 一项简单的、廉价的净化地表水的技术

河岸渗滤的前景—— 一项简单的、廉价的净化地表水的技术
NATHALIE TUFENKJI, JOSEPH N.RYAN, AND MENACHEM ELIMELECH
饮用水净化是目前全球环境和健康问题中最紧迫的问题之一。世界人口的快速增长，对高质量饮用水的需求量也与日俱增。为了能够改善不断恶化的水质，水处理技术也因此而日新月异。应运而生的水处理技术诸如膜处理技术、土壤含水层净化技术还有改进的氧化技术。与此同时，河岸渗滤这种古老的处理方法也逐渐被用来净化水质，因为河岸渗滤相对于其它的方法更为经济廉价，并且有足够的潜力来改善地表水的水质。如图1中所示，河岸渗滤就像一个屏障，这个屏障内能够发生各种反应来改善地表污水的水质。河岸渗滤通过吸附、过滤、物理化学以及生物等作用净化污水。通过河岸渗滤得到的净化水其性质相对稳定，而且更容易进行进一步的处理以得到更纯净的水。
河岸渗滤的处理效果早已在欧洲得到了公认。很多北美的公司也对河岸渗滤产生了极大兴趣，因为这种处理方法很可能去除地表水中的致病微生物，从而改善水质，也可以降低传统的污水处理厂的处理成本。然而，冲积层组成的河床其环境比较复杂，仅仅从河岸渗滤过程中微生物运移的数据来解释河岸渗滤的效果变得异常困难。除了在各种不同水文地质环境中定量分析河岸渗滤的效果，供水构筑物的工程师和科学家必须懂得如何预测河岸环境中的病原微生物及其它主要污染物的去除情况。只有预测合理，才能使管理者能够根据实际情况制定出合理的标准。

The Promise of Bank Filtration
A simple technology may inexpensively clean up poor-quality raw surface water
NATHALIE TUFENKJI, JOSEPH N.RYAN, AND MENACHEM ELIMELECH
Clean drinking water is one of the most pressing global environmental and health problems of our time. As the world’s growing population puts greater demands on the available supply of highquality drinking water, water utilities have developed new technologies for treating waters of degraded quality, such as membrane filtration, soil aquifer treatment, and advanced oxidation. But an old method called riverbank filtration is increasingly being used because it is a relatively inexpensive and sustainable means to improve the quality of surface waters (see Figure 1). Much like the reactive barriers currently being used to remediate contaminated groundwater, bank filtration provides passive exposure to various processes—such as adsorption, reduction, physicochemical filtration, and biodegradation—and produces water that is relatively consistent in quality and easier to treat to higher levels of finished quality.
The effectiveness of bank filtration has long been recognized in Europe. Many utilities in North America are interested in bank filtration because it has the potential to remove pathogenic microbes from surface water, thus improving raw water quality and reducing costs of in-plant conventional treatment. However, the complex setting of alluvial valley aquifers makes interpretation of the limited data on microbe transport during bank filtration a daunting task. Aside from quantifying the effectiveness of riverbank filtration in these diverse and heterogeneous hydrogeological settings, water utility engineers and scientists must learn how to predict the removal of pathogenic microbes and other key contaminants in the riverbank environment so that regulators can establish reasonable standards.