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Self-assembled nanoparticles over nanowire arrays inspire novel nano-sensorsSemiconducting metal oxides such as tin oxide (SnO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are routinely used as active materials in solid state gas sensing devices. Since the sensing action is directly related to the surface area in contact with the gas, the incredibly high surface-to-volume ratios of nanowires means they are attractive candidates for nano-sensors.
Despite significant advancements in nanowire growth techniques, electrical contacts to as-grown nanowire arrays through non-destructive methods have not yet been successfully realized. Researchers at the University of Maryland, US, and NIST, US, have developed a generic, in situ approach for electrically contacting nanowire arrays using conductive nanoparticles.
The team grew vertically-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays on gold catalyst layers before depositing a contiguous film consisting of conductive gold nanoparticles exclusively on top of the nanowire array. The particle deposition was driven using a high electric field - the key aspect was that the enhanced electric field surrounding the nanowire tips attracted particles to the top of the nanowire array.
By employing the catalyst and nanoparticle layers as bottom and top electrodes respectively, the researchers successfully designed and tested a gas sensor. The nano-sensor assembly was stable even at high temperatures (up to 350 °C) and highly sensitive to very low concentrations (10-50 ppm) of both reducing (methanol) and oxidizing (nitrous oxide) gases.
The team believes its approach of creating a top contact to nanowire arrays as-grown is universally applicable and may be useful in the design of electrically driven nanowire lasers and LEDs.
我的译文是:
半导体型的金属氧化物,如氧化锡(SnO2)、氧化钛(TiO2)和氧化锌(ZnO),经常作为活性材料用在固态气体传感器件中。因为传感作用直接与气体-氧化物界面大小相联系,因此纳米线令人惊叹的高比表面积使其成为受人关注的纳米传感器备选材料。
尽管纳米线的生长技术已经取得了一系列重大的进展,通过非破坏性的方法获得纳米线的电接触还没有成功地实现。美国马里兰大学、美国国家标准化与技术局的研究人员发展了一种普适的、原位的利用导电纳米粒子实现纳米线阵列电接触方法。
这个小组实现了在垂直金催化剂层方向上准直生长的氧化锌(ZnO)纳米线,然后仅仅在纳米线阵列顶端沉积由导电金纳米颗粒组成的连续薄膜。粒子的沉积由高电场——在纳米线顶端周围形成的强化电场——驱动完成,关键是这个电场会使金属颗粒吸附在纳米线阵列的顶端。
通过分别以催化剂层和纳米颗粒层分别作为底部电极和顶部电极,研究人员成功地设计了一个气体传感器并测试了其传感性能。集成的纳米传感器即使在高温(350℃)下性能也稳定,甚至在非常低的还原(甲醇)和氧化(一氧化二氮)气氛浓度(10-50 ppm) 下也具有高敏感性。
这个研究组相信他们的这种在纳米线阵列形成后即刻得到的顶端接触方法具有普适性,并且有可能在电驱动的纳米线激光器和发光二极管(LED)方面有潜在的应用。
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