主题：【资料】介词短语在句中分析与翻译的实例05 06

59．In fact, in the nineteenth century people used to make gardens in the shape of a clock face，with different flowers opening at different times．
在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。　(with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)
60．The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries．
　　现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代；然而，只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期，自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo．．．century有表示时间与空间范围之意，这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)　
　61．All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their nuclear，and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained．
　　同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(A differs from B in C．A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number．．．是differ要求的。)　
62．The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general acceptance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the　moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink　below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around　the world and return to the starting point of the voyage．
　　最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据，包括：月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状；当人们乘船离开港口时，港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下；而最令人信服的是，人们环绕地球航行时，有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语，谓语是included。
介词as引导三个并列同位语：shape，the fact，the fact，说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。
63．The technological break through and the Industrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent．
技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产，控制了传染病的流行，这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5％以下。(to below是双重介词，reduce．．．to below，“降到……以下”。)　　　　64．There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity．
　　现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖，但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for．．．energy用来修饰means。，converting．．．into，“把……转化为……”。)
　　65．A balance consists of an art balanced at its middle，with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other．
　　天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。　(分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung…是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)　

介词短语在句中分析与翻译的实例06

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66.You should also learn as much about chemistry as possible from your own experience in the laboratory and from your observations of chemical substances and chemical reactions in everyday life．
　你们也应该从你们自己的实验室经验中，从你们日常对化学物质和化学反应的观察中学习更多的化学方面的知识(1earn．．．from．．，　“从……学……”。句中两个from均为learn要求的。)　
67．You will notice that specific gravity is always the ratio of two weights，and so it is a pure number，such as 3 or 5．25，with out any unit associated with it．
　你们将注意到，比重总是两个重量之比，因而它是一个纯数，譬如3或5．25，无需给它。
定义任何单位。(without．．it是分词复合结构，有结果的意味。)
　68．With the increased production made possible by the assembly line，automobiles became much cheaper，and more and more people were able to afford them．
　由于装配线所带来的增产，汽车价格便宜多了，买得起汽车的人越来越多。　(介词短语with…用作原因状语。)
69．Today physicists find that light has the characteristics of both waves and particles with one aspect sometimes predominating and sometimes the other．
　物理学家现在发现，光具有波粒二重性，有时波动性起主要作用，有时粒子性起主要作用。(with。．．the other是分词复合结构，在句中作补充说明。)　　70．It is a matter of common observation that a body A cannot exert force on a second body B without B at the same time exerting force on A．
　这是我们通常都能观察到的情况：如果物体B没有同时对物体A施加作用力，那么物体A也不能对B施加作用力。　(without引导的介词复合结构为条件状语，用来说明谓语cannot exert。)　71．Without the sun's light warming the earth's surface，it would be so terribly cold that life　could not exist．
　　如果没有阳光来加热地球的表面，地球就会变得非常寒冷，使得生命无法生存。(without引导的复合结构，在句中起条件状语作用。)　
　72．Just as the length and cross-section of the pipe affect the flow of water so it is with conductors of electric current．
　　正如管道的长度和截面会影响水流一样，导体对电流的影响也是如此。(with表示关系和范围，有“关于”，“对”，“就”之意。)　
　73．Water vapor may vary from almost nothing to as much as 4％ and is not usually included　with the other constituents which，in terms of global averages，do not vary significantly．
　(大气中)水蒸气的含量是变化的，从近乎为零到多达4％，通常不与其他成分一起计算，根据总平均值来看，其他成分的含量变化不大。(句中with表示事物之间的关系。参看上句。)　
　74．This atom，with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus，is the element uranium，which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms．
　　这一有着92个电子围着又密集又复杂的原子核旋转的原子，就是元素铀。它似乎是天然原子中最复杂的原子了。(句中with引出的是一个介词复合结构，作定语，修饰atoms。)