GCMS分析云南玫瑰鲜花饼的香气成分
图4 玫瑰鲜花饼香气的总离子色谱图(TIC)
*************************************************************************
表 玫瑰鲜花饼香气成分表
No | 名称Name | RT | 相对比例(%) |
1 | 1,3-Butadiene, 2-methyl- | 4.053 | 0.050 |
2 | METHANOL | 6.276 | 0.188 |
3 | METHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE, 2- | 6.656 | 0.010 |
4 | ISOVALERALDEHYDE 异戊醛 | 6.750 | 0.018 |
5 | ALCOHOL | 7.067 | 13.640 |
6 | PENTANONE, 2- | 8.228 | 0.057 |
7 | PINENE, ALPHA- 甲位蒎稀 | 9.364 | 0.011 |
8 | Decane, 3,7-dimethyl- | 9.759 | 0.110 |
9 | ETHYL BUTYRATE | 9.918 | 0.074 |
10 | CYCLOHEPTATRIENE | 10.081 | 0.037 |
11 | PROPYL 2-METHYLBUTYRATE, ISO- | 10.249 | 0.011 |
12 | Decane, 3,7-dimethyl- | 11.358 | 0.094 |
13 | ALDEHYDE C 6 | 11.513 | 0.166 |
14 | Decane, 2,3,7-trimethyl- | 11.596 | 0.049 |
15 | ISOBUTANOL | 11.840 | 0.061 |
16 | Undecane, 4-methyl- | 11.970 | 0.023 |
17 | MYRCENE | 14.627 | 0.136 |
18 | AMYL ACETATE | 15.100 | 0.011 |
19 | TERPINENE, ALPHA- | 15.252 | 0.017 |
20 | HEPTANONE, 2 | 15.488 | 0.116 |
21 | ALDEHYDE C 7 | 15.616 | 0.058 |
22 | LIMONENE 柠稀 | 16.064 | 0.176 |
23 | METHYL THIOBUTYRATE | 16.173 | 0.089 |
24 | ISOAMYL ALCOHOL | 16.440 | 0.282 |
25 | HEXENAL, 2E- | 17.077 | 0.045 |
26 | PENTYL FURAN-2 | 17.566 | 0.080 |
27 | ETHYL CAPRONATE | 17.674 | 0.135 |
28 | Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- | 18.050 | 0.053 |
29 | ALCOHOL C 5 | 18.279 | 0.141 |
30 | OCIMENE E-BETA | 18.432 | 0.116 |
31 | STYRENE | 18.769 | 0.024 |
32 | METHYLPYRAZINE, 2- | 19.107 | 0.061 |
33 | CYMENE, P- | 19.273 | 0.024 |
34 | HEXYL ACETATE | 19.367 | 0.216 |
35 | TERPINOLENE | 19.770 | 0.034 |
36 | OCTANONE, 2- | 19.927 | 0.014 |
37 | ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL | 20.026 | 0.681 |
38 | ALDEHYDE C 8 | 20.119 | 0.048 |
39 | TRIDECANE | 20.378 | 0.031 |
40 | PROPANOL, 2-OXO- | 20.710 | 0.022 |
41 | HEXENYL ACETATE, 3Z- | 21.340 | 0.272 |
42 | DIMETHYLPYRAZINE, 2,5- | 21.531 | 0.070 |
43 | HEPTENAL, 2E- | 21.682 | 0.050 |
44 | DIMETHYLPYRAZINE, 2,6- | 21.791 | 0.036 |
45 | HEXENYL ACETATE, 2E- | 22.071 | 0.045 |
46 | METHYL HEPTENONE, 6,5,2- | 22.245 | 0.130 |
47 | ETHYL LACTATE | 22.464 | 0.130 |
48 | DIMETHYLPYRAZINE, 2,3- | 22.586 | 0.023 |
49 | ALCOHOL C 6 | 22.771 | 1.645 |
50 | ROSEOXIDE, CIS- 顺式玫瑰醚 | 22.855 | 0.409 |
51 | HEXENOL, 3Z- | 23.262 | 0.029 |
52 | ROSEOXIDE, TRANS- 反式玫瑰醚 | 23.505 | 0.163 |
53 | HEXENOL, 3Z- | 24.173 | 0.804 |
54 | NONANONE, 2- | 24.462 | 0.061 |
55 | ALDEHYDE C 9 | 24.674 | 0.374 |
56 | HEXENOL, 2Z- | 25.098 | 0.168 |
57 | CYCLOPENTENE, 3-ETHYL-2-FORMYL- | 25.697 | 0.020 |
58 | PERILLEN | 25.784 | 0.040 |
59 | OCTENAL, 2E- | 26.239 | 0.045 |
60 | ETHYL CAPRYLATE | 26.392 | 0.066 |
61 | LINALOOLOXIDE | 26.713 | 0.050 |
62 | ACETIC ACID | 27.171 | 0.852 |
63 | HEPTEN-2-OL, 6-METHYL-5- | 27.507 | 0.069 |
64 | MENTHONE | 27.662 | 0.063 |
65 | FURFURAL | 27.790 | 0.437 |
66 | NEROLOXIDE | 27.931 | 0.197 |
67 | CITRONELLAL | 28.333 | 0.029 |
68 | ISOOCTANOL | 28.615 | 0.054 |
69 | ISOMENTHONE | 28.845 | 0.108 |
70 | BENZALDEHYDE | 30.270 | 0.772 |
71 | ETHYL PELARGONATE | 30.622 | 0.292 |
72 | THEASPIRANE B | 30.796 | 0.080 |
73 | LINALOOL | 31.027 | 0.309 |
74 | ALCOHOL C 8 | 31.385 | 0.055 |
75 | ISOBUTYRIC ACID | 31.971 | 0.057 |
76 | ELEMENE, BETA- | 32.831 | 0.129 |
77 | CARYOPHYLLENE | 33.128 | 0.136 |
78 | GUAJENE, CIS-GAMMA- | 33.467 | 0.033 |
79 | ETHYL LEVULINATE | 33.683 | 0.047 |
80 | SOLUTOL A | 33.922 | 0.053 |
81 | CITRONELLYL FORMATE | 34.036 | 0.050 |
82 | BUTYRIC ACID | 34.329 | 0.399 |
83 | BUTYROLACTONE, GAMMA- | 34.535 | 0.110 |
84 | ETHYL CAPRINATE | 34.701 | 0.050 |
85 | PHENYLACETALDEHYDE | 35.071 | 1.250 |
86 | DIHYDRO CITRONELLOL | 35.526 | 0.298 |
87 | CITRONELLYL ACETATE | 35.608 | 0.228 |
88 | METHYLBUTYRIC ACID, 2- | 35.960 | 0.146 |
89 | NERAL | 36.437 | 0.294 |
90 | GERMACRENE D | 36.667 | 0.038 |
91 | METHYL GERANIATE-TRANS- | 36.922 | 0.234 |
92 | Borneol | 37.120 | 0.017 |
93 | CAPROLACTONE, GAMMA- | 37.327 | 0.057 |
94 | NERYL ACETATE | 38.052 | 0.117 |
95 | GERANIAL | 38.338 | 0.405 |
96 | VALERIC ACID | 38.487 | 0.135 |
97 | NAPHTHALENE | 38.739 | 0.063 |
98 | FARNESENE, 3E,6E-ALPHA- | 38.880 | 0.018 |
99 | CADINENE, DELTA | 39.183 | 0.087 |
100 | CITRONELLOL 香茅醇 | 39.472 | 7.348 |
101 | HEXENYL LACTATE, 3Z- | 39.905 | 0.270 |
102 | NEROL 橙花醇 | 40.741 | 3.787 |
103 | HEPTALACTONE, GAMMA- | 41.045 | 0.093 |
104 | PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL, 1- | 41.239 | 0.118 |
105 | PHENYLETHYL ACETATE, 2- | 41.442 | 0.315 |
106 | CAPRONIC ACID | 42.391 | 0.783 |
107 | GERANIOL 香叶醇 | 42.391 | 5.236 |
108 | BENZYLALCOHOL 苯甲醇 | 43.532 | 8.001 |
109 | Isobuttersaeure-(1-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-pent-3-yl)-ester | 43.760 | 0.074 |
110 | NONADECANE | 44.240 | 0.149 |
111 | TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE | 44.557 | 0.026 |
112 | BHT | 44.797 | 3.893 |
113 | PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL, 2- 苯乙醇 | 44.797 | 33.605 |
114 | OCTALACTONE, GAMMA- | 45.013 | 0.190 |
115 | HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL- | 45.935 | 0.640 |
116 | HEPTANOIC ACID | 46.036 | 0.295 |
117 | IONOL, 7,8-DIHYDRO-BETA- | 46.477 | 0.069 |
118 | MALTOL | 46.543 | 0.057 |
119 | PHENYLETHYL ISOVALERIANATE, 2- | 47.425 | 0.088 |
120 | ETHYLMALTOL | 48.174 | 0.232 |
121 | NONALACTONE, GAMMA- | 48.767 | 0.141 |
122 | Pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester? | 49.242 | 0.123 |
123 | CAPRYLIC ACID | 49.550 | 0.429 |
124 | METHYL 4-TERT.-BUTYLPHENYLACETATE | 49.718 | 0.087 |
125 | 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol | 50.675 | 0.091 |
126 | m/z 43,109,151...? 未知物 | 50.860 | 0.196 |
127 | m/z 91,83,102...? 未知物 | 51.358 | 0.041 |
128 | SULFURYL ACETATE | 51.980 | 0.114 |
129 | SORBIC ACID | 52.327 | 0.495 |
130 | BENZENE 1,3,5-TRIMETHOXY- | 52.539 | 0.069 |
131 | PELARGONIC ACID | 52.902 | 0.847 |
132 | EUGENOL | 53.072 | 0.256 |
133 | DECALACTONE, DELTA- | 53.962 | 0.160 |
134 | EUDESMOL, ALPHA- | 54.684 | 0.034 |
135 | EUDESMOL, BETA- | 54.967 | 0.029 |
136 | ETHYL PALMITATE | 55.615 | 0.048 |
137 | CAPRIC ACID | 56.094 | 0.099 |
138 | SULFURYL BUTYRATE | 56.413 | 0.080 |
139 | SULFUROL | 57.189 | 0.074 |
140 | Benzeneethanol, 3-methoxy- | 57.684 | 0.040 |
141 | GERANIC ACID | 58.036 | 0.449 |
142 | BENZOIC ACID | 60.112 | 0.171 |
143 | BHA | 61.589 | 0.625 |
144 | PHENYLACETIC ACID | 62.200 | 0.426 |
SUM | 100 |
2.3.1从上述结果来看,从玫瑰鲜花饼馅料里一共鉴定测定了约141个组分,3个尚未未确定。这个样品已经在室温下存放10天后测试,如果新鲜样品,可能会更好些。
2.3.2含量最大的几个组分:香茅醇7.348%,香叶醇5.246%,橙花醇3.787%,苯甲醇8.001%,苯乙醇33.605%。这些化合物(苯甲醇除外)是玫瑰香气主要贡献。苯乙醇是最重要的玫瑰香气,但高达33%的比例,和天然玫瑰的组成有点不符,有认为添加的可能。
2.3.3叶醇和己烯醇,叶醇酯和己烯醇酯类化合物给予玫瑰的清香感。
2.3.4吡嗪类,吡嗪,甲基吡嗪,二甲基吡嗪,三甲基吡嗪等来自鲜花饼的焙烤过程产生的香气物质。
2.3.5热加工出现一些化合物。例如醋嗡,2-oxo-propanol,糠醛类等化合物。
2.3.6许多萜烯化合物,例如蒎稀,月桂烯,柠稀,松油烯,石竹烯等。
2.3.7醇类化合物:香茅醇,香叶醇,橙花醇,乙醇,芳樟醇,苯乙醇,苯甲醇等。少许甲醇是天然而来。
2.3.8酸类化合物:己酸,庚酸,辛酸,癸酸等。
2.3.9醛类:异戊醛,己醛,辛醛,苯甲醛,苯乙醛,烯醛等。苯乙醛甜香味。
2.310酮类:甲基庚烯酮,薄荷酮,2-酮等。
2.3.11酯类: 丁酸乙酯,乙酸戊酯,乙酸己酯等。
2.3.12酚类化合物:丁香酚,麦芽酚等。
2.3.13醚类化合物:玫瑰醚等,玫瑰特征香气。
2.3.14抗氧化剂:BHT,BHA添加和来自油脂。原来以为鲜花饼不添加抗氧化剂这类物质,看来不是的。
2.3.15防腐剂:山梨酸,原来也没有想到。
2.3.16烷烃化合物:来自玫瑰和来自油脂的分解。