主题：【资料】商务词汇－更新中

Trade Sanction 贸易制裁

　　Trade Reciprocity 贸易互惠

　　Multilateral Environmental Agreement 多边环境协议

　　Harmonization of Standards 标准统一

　　Investment Regime 投资管理体制

　　Action Plan 行动计划

　　Financial and Budgetary Provisions 财政及预算拨款

　　Efficient Allocation of Resources 资源有效配置

　　Financial Instrument 金融工具

　　Spin-off 脱离母公司的公司

　　Start-up 新成立的企业

　　Industry Consolidation 产业联合

　　Management Buyout 买断产权或管理权

　　Return on Investment 投资回报

　　Labor-intensive 劳动力密集型

　　Emerging Markets 新兴市场

　　Chain of Command 控制链

　　Quality Initiative 质量改进努力

　　Publicly Traded Companies 公开上市交易的公司

　　Tax Refund 出口退税

　　GDP Deflator GDP 紧缩指数

　　GDP Gap GDP 缺口

　　Recession 衰退

　　Depression 萧条

　　Inertial Growth Rate 惯性增长率

　　Aggregate Supply/Demand 总供给 / 需求

　　Equilibrium of AD and AS 总供给和总需求的均衡

　　Stagflation 滞胀

　　Fixed Money-Supply Effect 固定货币供给效应

　　Open-Market Operations 公开市场业务

　　Unemployment Benefits 失业救济

　　Concessionary Finance 优惠性融资

　　Production Gain 生产收益

　　MES （Minimum Efficient Scale） 达到最有效的基本生产规模

　　Intra-Industry Specialization 行业内的专业化分工

　　Ad Valorem Tariff 从价税

　　Specific Duty 从量税

　　Voluntary Export Restraints （VERs） 自动出口限制

　　Balance of Payment Disequilibrium 国际收支不平衡

　　Global Economic Welfare 全球经济福利

　　Signatory 签约方

　　Contracting Party 缔约方

　　Consumer Goods 消费品

　　Industrial Goods 工业产品

　　Transaction Marketing 交易营销

　　Relationship Marketing 关系营销

　　Market Segmentation 市场细分

　　Standardized Marketing 无差异性营销

　　Differentiated Marketing 差异性营销

　　Concentrated Marketing 集中性营销

　　Market Positioning 市场定位

　　Royalty Fee 许可费

　　Markup Pricing 加成定价

　　Perceived Value Pricing 价值定价法

　　Transfer Pricing 转移定价

　　EDI（Electronic Data Interexchange） 电子数据交换

　　Import Surtax 进口附加税

　　Variable Levy 差额税

　　Sliding Duty 滑动关税

　　Threshold Price 门槛价格

　　Preferential Duties 特惠税

　　Escape Clause 免责条款

　　Prior Limitation 预定限额

　　Specific Duty 从量税

　　Ad Valorem Duty 从价税

　　Compound Duty 混合税

　　Price discretion 价格自主权

　　Sunk cost 旁置成本，滞留成本，沉没成本

　　Marginal cost 边际成本

　　Offset 抵消，补偿

　　Functional migration 职能转移

　　Procurement 物资采购

　　A local firm that is vertically integrated 纵向一体化公司

　　Equity capital 股本资本

　　Ordinary shares 普通股

　　Oligopolistic behavior 寡占行为

　　Voluntary export restraints 自愿出口限制

　　Overarching strategy 支配性战略

　　Intra-company trade 公司内部贸易

　　Psychic distance 心理距离

　　Lines of business 业务领域

　　Overprice 将……标价过高

　　Differentiation strategy 差别化战略

　　Zaibatsu 财阀

　　LME-COMEX： International Metal Exchanges 国际金属交易所

　　VAT reimbursement schema 增值税先征后返

　　Market distortion 市场扭曲

　　World Bureau of Metal Statistics 国际金属统计局

　　Eurometaux ： European Association of Metals 欧洲金属工业协会

　　ASCM ：＜Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures＞《补贴与反补贴措施协定》

　　Specific subsidy 专项性补贴

GDP Deflator GDP 紧缩指数

　　GDP Gap GDP 缺口

　　Recession 衰退

　　Depression 萧条

　　Inertial Growth Rate 惯性增长率

　　Aggregate Supply/Demand 总供给 / 需求

　　Equilibrium of AD and AS 总供给和总需求的均衡

　　Stagflation 滞胀

　　Fixed Money-Supply Effect 固定货币供给效应

　　Open-Market Operations 公开市场业务

　　Unemployment Benefits 失业救济

　　Concessionary Finance 优惠性融资

　　Production Gain 生产收益

　　MES （Minimum Efficient Scale） 达到最有效的基本生产规模

　　Intra-Industry Specialization 行业内的专业化分工

　　Ad Valorem Tariff 从价税

　　Specific Duty 从量税

　　Voluntary Export Restraints （VERs） 自动出口限制

　　Balance of Payment Disequilibrium 国际收支不平衡

　　Global Economic Welfare 全球经济福利

　　Signatory 签约方

　　Contracting Party 缔约方


　Consumer Goods 消费品

　　Industrial Goods 工业产品

　　Transaction Marketing 交易营销

　　Relationship Marketing 关系营销

　　Market Segmentation 市场细分

　　Standardized Marketing 无差异性营销

　　Differentiated Marketing 差异性营销

　　Concentrated Marketing 集中性营销

　　Market Positioning 市场定位

　　Royalty Fee 许可费

　　Markup Pricing 加成定价

　　Perceived Value Pricing 价值定价法

　　Transfer Pricing 转移定价

　　EDI（Electronic Data Interexchange） 电子数据交换

　　Import Surtax 进口附加税

　　Variable Levy 差额税

　　Sliding Duty 滑动关税

　　Threshold Price 门槛价格

　　Preferential Duties 特惠税

　　Escape Clause 免责条款

　　Prior Limitation 预定限额

　　Specific Duty 从量税

　　Ad Valorem Duty 从价税

　　Compound Duty 混合税

buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金

　　global strategic orientation 全球战略导向

　　overarching strategy 支配性战略

　　marginal utility 边际效用

　　unwanted goods 货不对路

　　opportunity knocks but once 机不可失

　　cross investment 相互投资

　　reciprocity and mutual benefit 互惠互利

　　centrally run economy 中央统筹经济

　　in the doldrums 萧条时期

　　actual appropriation 实际到帐资金

　　transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付

　　supervision and inspection system of tax collection 税收监控

　　be complementary to each other economically 经济互补性

　　sole rectification 专项整治工作

　　Urban Social-Economic Survey Team 城调队

　　paid-in investment 到位资金

　　corporate legal person management system 公司法人治理结构

　　International Strategic Alliances 国际战略联盟

　　apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

　　family-contract responsibility system 家庭联产责任承包制

　　purchasing power parity 购买力平价法


　stresspriorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, educationand science and technology 抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"

　　turn-keyproject 交钥匙工程

　　household-basedcontract system 包干到户

　　carry-overfast growth 翘尾性快速增长

　　specificduty 从量税

　　ad valoremduty 从价税

　　MinisterialDeclaration on Doha Development Agenda 关于多哈发展议程谈判的部长声明

　　flow productionline 流水生产线

　　bridgingloan 临时贷款

　　systemauditing the economic responsibility of leading cadres during their termsof office 领导干部任期经济责任审计制度

　　commissionpaid on discounted account 客帐贴现佣金

　　strengthenthe party's ties with the masses 加强党和群众的联系

　　jobbery 假公济私

　　packageof production-supply-marketing services 产、销、服务一条龙

　　closedregional cooperation 排外性区域合作

　　obtainforeign currency under false pretenses 骗汇、逃汇、套汇

　　futuresmarket 期货市场

　　arbitrarycharges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款

　　the strategyof revitalizing （invigorating） China through science and education 科教兴国战略

　　allotment of shares 配股

crawling peg 浮动钉住

　　in constant dollar value 按不变价值美元计算

　　in current price 按实价计算

　　buying sight rate 按现货价买进

　　safeguard practice 保护性措施

　　policy loan 保单贷款

　　slump 暴跌

　　decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减

　　retaliatory tariff 报复关税

　　feeder industry 补给性工业

　　small profit by quick turnover 薄利多销

　　foul bill of lading 不清洁提单

　　salvage value 残余价值

　　sale in bulk 成批出售

　　unilateral import quota 单边进口配额

　　antedated B/L 倒签提单

　　counter sample 对等样品

　　external public debt 对外公债

　　system of multilateral trade commitments 多边贸易承诺制度

　　official devaluation 法定贬值

　　contra-cyclical policy 反周期政策

　　released bill of lading 旅行提单

　　stratified sampling 分层抽样品

　　adhesion contract 服从契约

　　bimetallic standard 复本位制

floating policy 流动保险单

　　mandatory arbitration 强制仲裁

　　two-way trade 双向贸易

　　advance refunding 套期转换

　　average annual growth rate 年平均增长率

　　award of bid 决标，定标

　　slump 暴跌

　　customs guarantee system 海关担保制度

　　average propensity to save 平均储蓄倾向

　　both production and marketing thrive 产销两旺

　　compulsory third party insurance 第三者责任法定保险

　　trading under license 许可制贸易

　　payments adjustment 收支调整

　　equalization fund 平准基金

　　current payment 经常性支出

　　apportionment of valuation 价值分割

　　voluntary restriction of export 自动出口限制

　　vertical diversification 垂直多样化

　　export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保

　　joint survey report 联合检查报告

　　input-output analysis 投入产出分析

　　hook damage 钩损险

　　free transit zone 自由过境区

continual redemption sinking fund 连续偿债资金

　　contingency account 意外准备金帐户

　　contract of future delivery 远期交货合同

　　discriminating duty 差别关税

　　endorsement without recourse 无追索权利背书

　　entrenched provisions 特别维护条款

　　equipment receipt-out（in） 设备交接单

　　loss reserve 赔款准备金

　　lump sum freight 按整船计算的运费、包干运费

　　nominal contract duties 名义关税

　　settlement of balance 净差结算

　　secular inflation 长期性通货膨胀

　　statute law 成文法

　　trading under license 许可制贸易

　　market depressed 市场萧条

　　mint parity 法定平价

　　money squeeze 抽紧银根

　　over pivot rate 超基准收费率

　　power of attorney 授权书

　　position limit 成交限量

　　price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性

　　receipt and subrogation form 权益转让书及收据

　　sale by trade mark or brand 凭商标买卖

　　swap arrangement 互惠信贷协议

　　system of multilateral trade commitments 多边贸易承诺制度

　　tabulated quotation 行情表

　　pool agreement 联营协定

　　value on 向某人开出汇票

　　fault liability 过失赔偿责任

　keep the State-held shares 保持国有股

　　inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄

　　retaliatory duty 报复性关税

　　disguised inflation 变相涨价

　　strip bad assets off 剥离不良资产

　　small profit, large sale volume 薄利多销

　　multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 层层转包和违法分包

　　balance allocation 差额拨款

　　contract for the managerial right 承包经营权

　　fully utilize both domestic and international markets and resources 充分利用两个市场，两种资源

　　steering committee 筹划指导委员会

　　rough-wrought product 粗加工产品

　　guaranty money for deposits 存款保证金

　　strike out at speculation 打击非法投机活动

　　construction of the Party conduct 党风建设

　　money at call and short notice 短期放款

　　divided operation/ management 分业经营

　　personal earnings regulation tax 人收入调节税

　　localization rate of parts and components 国产化率

　　guide rational consumption 合理引导消费

keep the State-held shares 保持国有股

　　inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄

　　retaliatory duty 报复性关税

　　disguised inflation 变相涨价

　　strip bad assets off 剥离不良资产

　　small profit, large sale volume 薄利多销

　　multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 层层转包和违法分包

　　balance allocation 差额拨款

　　contract for the managerial right 承包经营权

　　fully utilize both domestic and international markets and resources 充分利用两个市场，两种资源

　　steering committee 筹划指导委员会

　　rough-wrought product 粗加工产品

　　guaranty money for deposits 存款保证金

　　strike out at speculation 打击非法投机活动

　　construction of the Party conduct 党风建设

　　money at call and short notice 短期放款

　　divided operation/ management 分业经营

　　personal earnings regulation tax 人收入调节税

　　localization rate of parts and components 国产化率

　　guide rational consumption 合理引导消费

　sunrise industries 朝阳产业

　　conference pricing 协议定价

　　landed cost 上岸成本

　　tax concessions 税收减免

　　accelerated depreciation 加速折旧

　　loan guarantees 贷款担保

　　cyclical swings 周期波动

　　barter credit 信用额度

　　debt swaps 债务互换

　　balance-of-payments 收支平衡

　　turnkey projects 交钥匙工程

　　government interference 政府干预

　　common-law 习惯法

　　substantive law 实体法

　　exclusive rights 专有权

　　utility modes 实用新型

　　sui generies 独特的，自成一格的

　　intrafirm transfer 企业内部转让

　　technology swap 技术互换

　　grantback provision 回授条款

windfall loss 意外损失

　　vessel entry 船舶报关

　　unscheduled call 意外停靠

　　unqualified acceptance 无条件费兑

　　unmarketable goods 滞销货

　　vertical merge 垂直兼并

　　proprietary brand 自主品牌

　　ten thousands of villages and thousands of townships 万村千乡

　　special campaign 专项活动

　　rise of central China 中部崛起

　　revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 搞活国有大中型企业

　　in an easy position 头寸宽裕

　　State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 国家科技创新体系

　　junk financing 垃圾融资

　　"bottleneck" restriction 瓶颈制约

　　going on the track of sound progress 走上良性发展的轨道

　　industrial added value 工业增加值

　　plug up loopholes 堵塞漏洞

　　high degree of autonomy 高度自治

　　the household contract responsibility system 家庭联产承包责任制

　　inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄

　　management by objectives 目标管理

copyright licensing business 版权贸易

　　exclusive right to purchase and sell 包购包销

　　annexation and reorganization of enterprises 企业兼并重组

　　guaranteed stock 保息股票

　　retaliatory duty 报复性关税

　　policy of tightening control over expenditure and credit 财政、信贷双紧方针

　　balance allocation 差额拨款

　　clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management 产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理

　　long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共

　　wait to buy with cash in hand 持币待购

　　fully utilize both domestic and international markets and resources 充分利用两个市场，两种资源

　　steering committee 筹划指导委员会

　　foster integration with the global economy 促进全球经济一体化

　　sell at a price lower than the purchasing price 倒挂销售

　　trickle-down economy 滴入式经济

　　Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation 贸易和投资自由化和便利化

　　T-bond discount loans 国债贴息贷款

　　an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府

　　bellwether 领头羊

　　currency retention scheme 货币留成制度

　　city specifically designated in the state plan 计划单列市

　　Emancipate the mind, Seek truth from the facts, Keep pace with the times 解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进

a program of joint development,

　　adjustment, cooperation and mergers 共建、调整、合作、合并

　　debtor-in-possession （DIP） 债务人持有资产

　　flight capital 外逃资本

　　hedge 套期保值

　　convert the land for forestry and pasture 退耕还林还牧

　　overall national strength 综合国力

　　diluted earning per share 摊薄每股收益

　　moderately tight fiscal policy 适度从紧的财政政策

　　real-time account settlement 实时达帐

　　principles of self-administration,

　　self-support and self-propagation

　　三自原则

　　returns on equity （ROE） 权益回报率

　　seek common ground on major question

　　while reserving differences on minor ones 求大同,存小异

　　transformation of enterprise 企业转制

　　restructuring of enterprise 企业改制

　　chronic depression 慢性萧条

　　virtuous circle 良性循环

　　offshore market 离岸金融市场

　　open-ended fund 开放式基金

　　public bonds for construction 建设公债

　　a principle of maintaining a basic balance

　　between revenue and expenditures 财政收支基本平衡的原则

　　scientific and technological enterprises

　　that integrate scientific and technological development

　　with industrial and trade development 技工贸结合的科技型企业

　　cast （shake, throw） off poverty

　　and set out on a road to prosperity 脱贫致富

merchandise held up by Customs 卡关货物

　　whole-journey nanny service 保姆式全程服务

　　mitigate risks 规避风险

　　a sustained, rapid and sound development 持续快速健康发展

　　fraudulence, overlapping and redundancy, IPR infringement 骗展、重复展和侵权现象

　　pilot projects 试点项目

　　haphazard investment 盲目投资

　　merger and acquisition and capital operation,

　　certification and brand-name promotion,

　　festival sponsorship, and risk management 并购与资本运作、认证与品牌推广、节庆赞助与风险管理

　　housing project for low-income urban residents 安居工程

　　gear…to the international conventions 把…与国际接轨

　　Greater Far East Co-prosperity Sphere 大东亚共荣圈

　　strengthening co-operation in various fields

　　accords with the common wishes and

　　fundamental interests of people in the two countries 加强各项领域的合作符合两国人民的共同心愿和根本利益

　　prevent an overheated economy 防止经济过热

　　steady development for mutual benefits

　　and win-win outcomes 稳步发展 互利双赢

　　safeguard the interests of right holders 维护知识产权权利人利益

　　substantive motion 实质性的动议

　　firm determination, clear-cut attitude

　　and effective actions 决心是坚定的，

　　态度是鲜明的，行动是有力的

　　applicable tariff rate 适用税率

　　take an objective view and

　　approach of development towards 客观的、发展的眼光

　　encouraging independent innovation,

　　strengthening independent research and

　　development capacity,

　　and boosting international competitiveness 鼓励自主创新，增强自主研发能力，提高国际竞争力

　　hold water 站得住脚

　　governments set up the stage,

　　various departments cooperate and

　　enterprise put in the show 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏

　　act as an intermediary for

　　introducing foreign capital and

　　establishing domestic connections 外引内联

　　link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 企业"工效挂钩"

　　establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和

　　廉政"三个机制"

　　serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和

　　人才窗口的作用

　　establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场

　　rise of knowledge-based economy 知识经济的兴起

　　optimum portfolio 最佳投资组合

　　payback period of investment 投资回收期

　　China's Opening and a win-for-all World 中国的开放与世界的共赢

　　self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system 社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展

　　intensive processing 深加工

　　greenmail 绿票欺诈

　　high-yield, high-quality and high-return agriculture 三高农业（高产、高质、高效）

　　simplify circulation and add more random checks 简化流通环节，增加随机检查

　　actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验

　　to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 不合理收费、集资和摊派

　　marginal productivity 边际生产力

　　to ensure the continuity and stability of our basic line, principles and policies 保证基本路线和方针政策的连续性和稳定性

　　to combine remuneration according to work with remuneration according to factors of production 把按劳分配和按生产要素分配结合起来

　　policy of friendship and partnership with neighboring countries 以邻为善，以邻为伴

　　put into practice the guidelines of the Party's Sixteenth National Congress and the Third Plenary Session of its Sixteenth Central Committee 贯彻落实党的十六大和十六届三中全会精神

economic sanction 经济制裁

　　economic take-off 经济腾飞

　　education for all-round development 素质教育

　　interim government 过渡政府

　　Peace and development have become the main current in today's world 和平与发展已成为当今世界的主流

　　to combat the global economic slump 抵抗全球经济衰退

　　the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 产权划转和产权变动

　　hidden employment 隐形就业

　　Grain for Green Project 退耕还林、还草工程

　　stimulate economic growth 拉动经济增长

　　be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country 服从全局、服务全局

　　yield the greatest returns on investment 发挥最大的使用效益

　　appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country 对中西部地区适当倾斜

　　The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and require excessive investment 避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能

　　use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 把有限的资金用在"刀刃上"

　　the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export 出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡

　　guard against and defuse financial risks 防范和化解金融风险

　　reform the price formation mechanism 改革价格形成机制

　　Development requires that we always concentrate on economic growth, base ourselves on China's realities, conform to the trend of the times and continue to explore new ways to promote the progress of the advanced productive forces and culture 发展必须坚持以经济建设为中心，立足中国现实，顺应时代潮流，不断开拓促进先进生产力和先进文化发展的新途径