9 Improvement, innovation and learning
9.1 General
Depending on the organization's environment, improvement (of its current products, processes, etc.) and innovation (to develop new products, processes, etc.) could be necessary for sustained success.Learning provides the basis for effective and efficient improvement and innovation.
Improvement, innovation and learning can be applied to
⎯products,
⎯processes and their interfaces,
⎯organizational structures,
⎯management systems,
⎯human aspects and culture,
⎯infrastructure, work environment and technology, and
⎯relations with relevant interested parties.
Fundamental to effective and efficient improvement, innovation and learning is the ability and enablement of the people in the organization to make informed judgments on the basis of data analyses and theincorporation of lessons learned.
9改进创新和学习
9.1总则
依据组织的环境,改进(当前产品、过程等)和创新(开发新产品、新过程等)对组织的持续成功而言是必须的。学习为充分有效的改进和创新提供基础,学习可以被应用于:
产品
过程和其接口
组织的结构
管理体系
人力和文化
基础设施、工作环境和技术
与利益相关方的关系
作为充分有效改进的基础,创新和学习是组织的员工在数据分析和吸取经验的基础上作出明智判断的能力。
9.2 Improvement
Improvement activities can range from small-step continual improvements at a work place to significant improvements of the entire organization. The organization should define objectives for the improvement of its products, processes, organizational structures and its management system through the analysis of data. The improvement processes should follow a structured approach, such as the “Plan-Do-Check-Act” (PDCA) methodology. The methodology should be applied, consistently with the process approach, for all processes. The organization should ensure that continual improvement becomes established as a part of the organizational culture by
⎯providing the opportunities for people in the organization to participate in improvement activities, through their empowerment,
⎯providing the necessary resources,
⎯establishing recognition and reward systems for improvement, and
⎯continual improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the improvement process itself.
NOTE For more information about “continual improvement”, see the related quality management principle in
Annex B.
9.2改进
改进活动可以是单个工位上的小进步也可以是组织范围内的大改进。组织应当通过数据分析为其产品、过程、组织结构、管理体系的改进设立目标。改进过程应使用PDCA方法,依循过程方法。组织应当确保持续改进成为企业文化的一部分:
为组织的员工创造参与到改进活动中的机会
提供必要的资源
建立对改进的表彰和奖励制度
持续改进组织改进过程本身的充分性和有效性
注:关于持续改进的更多信息见附录B
9.3 Innovation
9.3.1 General
Changes in the organization's environment could require innovation in order to meet the needs and expectations of interested parties. The organization should
⎯identify the need for innovation,
⎯establish and maintain an effective and efficient innovation process, and
⎯provide the related resources.
9.3创新
9.3.1总则
组织环境的变化要求组织进行创新以满足利益相关方的需求和期望,组织应当:
识别创新的需求
建立并保持充分有效的创新过程
提供相关的资源
9.3.2 Application
Innovation can be applied to issues at all levels, through changes in
⎯technology or product (i.e. innovations that not only respond to the changing needs and expectations of customers or other interested parties, but also to anticipate potential changes in the organization's environment and product lifecycles),
⎯processes (i.e. innovation in the methods for product realization, or innovation to improve process stability and reduce variance),
⎯the organization (i.e. innovation in its constitution and organizational structures), and
⎯the organization's management system (i.e. to ensure that competitive advantage is maintained and new opportunities are utilized, when there are emerging changes in the organization's environment).
9.3.2应用
创新可以在各个层级的问题上得到应用,通过下列变化:
技术或者产品(创新不单是对顾客及利益相关方的需求和期望变化的反应,还可以预计组织环境和产品生命周期的潜在改变)。
过程(对方法、产品实现、提高过程稳定性和减少偏差)
组织(组织的结构或者章程)
组织的管理体系(当组织的环境发生变化时,能够保持竞争优势和发现新的机会)
9.3.3 Timing
The timing for the introduction of an innovation is usually a balance between the urgency with which it is needed versus the resources that are made available for its development. The organization should use a process that is in alignment with its strategy to plan and prioritize innovations. The organization should support the innovation initiatives with the resources needed.
9.3.3及时性
创新应用的及时性通常是要求的紧迫程度和资源的获得性之间的平衡的结果。组织应当运用与其战略相符的过程去计划和优先应用创新活动。组织应当为创新提供必要的资源支持。