主题：【讨论】中国苹果汁影响浓缩果汁标准？？

Schumer Calls for Juice Standards
by News Desk | Sep 21, 2011

Carefully skirting the arsenic-in-the-apple-juice scare sparked last week by TV doctor Mehmet Oz, U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer, D-NY, has called on the FDA to set standards for imported juice concentrates, and to step up inspection of concentrates from countries such as China that are known to use inorganic arsenic in pesticides.


"While there is no cause for alarm and no need to stop drinking juice," Schumer said in a news release,  ... "given the terrible track record of countries like China that export the vast majority of certain juices these days, you can never be too careful ...


"Juice is safe and good for you, and the last thing parents should do is stop giving their kids fruit juices. My family drinks them and we will continue to, but the bottom line is that the Food and Drug Administration needs to have clear standards for what is acceptable and what is not, and while standards for toxic, inorganic arsenic currently exist for bottled water, they do not exist for fruit juices," he said.


Schumer's statement noted that after the FDA found elevated levels of inorganic arsenic in imported pear juice, it issued an import alert barring shipments of pear juice and concentrate from specific Chinese producers, and acknowledged that surveillance of heavy metals in fruit juices from all countries is warranted.


Although the FDA has said it is not necessary to set standards for juice concentrates similar to those for bottled water, which allow inorganic arsenic levels up to 10 parts per billion (ppb), Schumer argued that because juice is often consumed by children, greater precaution is necessary.


The Dr. Oz Show said apple juice samples it tested showed results as high as 36 ppb of total arsenic, but the FDA said it obtained the same lot of apple juice and found significantly less arsenic (2 to 6 ppb), trace amounts it described as consistent with the government's test results over the past 20 years.


And the FDA pointed out that arsenic occurs naturally in many foods in both inorganic and organic forms, and that only the inorganic forms of arsenic are toxic, depending on the amount. Although the FDA said in advance of the Dr. Oz TV program that it would be irresponsible and misleading to suggest that apple juice is unsafe, the Dr. Oz Show did so anyway.


The FDA said it has been tracking total arsenic in apple and other juices, particularly since imported juices gained an increased share of the market. Agency scientists say there is no evidence of any public health risk from drinking these juices.

砷超标成历史，果汁、酒类中砷限量规定拟将取消

卫生部近日对《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》开始公开征求意见。该稿清理整合了部分国内食品中污染物的限量规定，取消了水果、豆类、蛋类、酒类及果汁中砷的限量规定。

    在早期的GB 2762-2005中，果汁及果浆中总砷限量值为0.2mg/kg,无机砷不得检出。但在本次征求意见稿中，根据水果、果汁等食品中砷的污染水平及膳食暴露的贡献率，取消了这些食品中砷的限量规定，这也就意味着今后的饮料、酒类检测结果中不再有“砷超标”这一概念，也不会再有产品误入“砒霜门”。

    砷元素在自然界的分布很广，水中、土壤都含有一定量的砷。总砷包括有机砷和无机砷，有机砷其实没什么危害，鱼类等海鲜、海藻产品（特别是紫菜）和谷类植物（特别是大米、糠和胚芽）中存在的总砷含量最高。并且其含量的高低取决于食品加工的温度、时间以及使用的水含量。

    而无机砷毒性较强，其化合物之三氧化二砷就是大家熟知的“砒霜”。笔者在食品伙伴网查询得知，目前，世界卫生/粮农组织食品添加剂委员会已制定了一个暂时性的每周可容忍15µg/kg无机砷摄入值。对于普通消费者来说，无机砷的摄入值为0.13至0.56µg/kg之间，3岁以下儿童的摄入值为0.50至2.66µg/kg。欧洲食品安全局专家小组也曾建议减少食品内无机砷的含量。