Section 4. Characterization of Refrigerants and Contaminants 第4节:制冷剂和杂质的描述 4.1 Characterization. Characterization of refrigerants and contaminants addressed are listed in the following general classifications: 4.1:描述:下面大体上列出了制冷剂和杂质的性质 4.1.1 Characterization 4.1.1性质 a. Gas Chromatography 气相色谱 b. Boiling point and boiling point range 高沸点和高沸点的分类 4.1.2 Contaminants 杂质 a. Water 水 b. Chloride 氯化物 c. Acidity 酸度 d. High boiling residue 高沸点蒸发残留物 e. Particulates/solids 固体颗粒 f. Non-condensables 不凝气 g. Impurities including other refrigerants 杂质包括一些其他的制冷剂 Section 5. Sampling, Summary of Test Methods and Maximum Permissible Contaminant Levels 第5节,样品的制备,方法的概述,杂质的最大允许量 5.1 Referee Test. The referee test methods for the various contaminants are summarized in the following paragraphs. Detailed test procedures are included in Appendix C to ARI Standard 700-1995: Analytical Procedures for ARI Standard 700-1995, 1995, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute. Appendix C to ARI Standard 700-1995 is incorporated by reference. [This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203. Copies may also be inspected at Public Docket No. A-92-01, Environmental Protection Agency, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC, 20460 or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal]register/code]of]federal]regulations/ibr]locations.html.] If alternative test methods are employed, the user must be able to demonstrate that they produce results equivalent to the specified referee method. 权威方法.在下面各段中概述了用于测定各种杂质的权威的方法.详细的测定步骤按照ARI标准700-1995附件C的规定来进行。ARI标准700-1995是由美国空调和制冷剂协会编写的。下面就不会了，请高手指点。
5.2 Refrigerant Sampling 制冷剂样品的制备
5.2.1 Sampling Precautions. Special precautions should be taken to assure that representative samples are obtained for analysis. Sampling shall be done by trained laboratory personnel following accepted sampling and safety procedures. 样品制备时的注意事项。制备样品时要特别注意要保证我们所获得的用于分析的样品要具有代表性 。应该由那些经过样品制备和安全培训的具有实验室操作资质的人来制备样品。 5.2.2 Gas Phase Sample. A gas phase sample shall be obtained for determining the non-condensables. Since non-condensable gases, if present, will concentrate in the vapor phase of the refrigerant, care must be exercised to eliminate introduction of air during the sample transfer. Purging is not an acceptable procedure for a gas phase sample since it may introduce a foreign product. Since R-11, R-113, and R-123 have normal boiling points at or above room temperature, non-condensable determination is not required for these refrigerants. 气相样品的制备。在分析不凝气时需要用到气相样品，如果不凝气存在，它将积聚在制冷剂的气相中，所以我们在样品的转移的过程中一定要小心避免引入空气。对于气相样品来说，吹扫清洗时不正确的操作步骤，因为这样会带入其他的物质。由于R-11,R113,R123在室温以上具有稳定的沸点，所以在测试这些制冷剂时不需要测定不凝气。
5.2.2.1 Connection. The sample cylinder shall be connected to an evacuated gas sampling bulb by means of a manifold. The manifold should have a valve arrangement that facilitates evacuation of all connecting tubing leading to the sampling bulb. 管线的连接。通过一种manifold来连接取样容器和已经抽真空的气体样品瓶，建议这种manifold 设计一个阀，这个阀可以很容易地切断连接气体样品瓶的所有连接管线。 5.2.2.2 Equalizing Pressures. After the manifold has been evacuated, close the valve to the pump and open the valve on the system. Allow the pressure to equilibrate and close valves. 平衡压力。在manifold抽真空之后，关闭连接真空的阀，打开连接系统的阀，进样达到压力后关闭阀门。 有一些虽然翻译了，但是还是不怎么理解。
Section 4. Characterization of Refrigerants and Contaminants 第4节:制冷剂和杂质的描述 4.1 Characterization. Characterization of refrigerants and contaminants addressed are listed in the following general classifications: 4.1:描述:下面大体上列出了制冷剂和杂质的性质 4.1.1 Characterization 4.1.1性质
Section 4. Characterization of Refrigerants and Contaminants 第4节:制冷剂和污染物的特性（征） 4.1 Characterization. Characterization of refrigerants and contaminants addressed are listed in the following general classifications: 4.1:特征: 制冷剂和污染物的特性显示于下列的总分类中： 4.1.1 Characterization 4.1.1特性 a. Gas Chromatography 气相色谱 b. Boiling point and boiling point range 沸点与沸程 4.1.2 Contaminants 污染物 a. Water 水 b. Chloride 氯化物 c. Acidity 酸度 d. High boiling residue 高沸点蒸发残渣 e. Particulates/solids 微粒/固体的 f. Non-condensables 不可凝结的 g. Impurities including other refrigerants 杂质包括其他制冷剂 Section 5. Sampling, Summary of Test Methods and Maximum Permissible Contaminant Levels 第5节, 取样，测试方法的总结和污染物的最大允许水平 5.1 Referee Test. The referee test methods for the various contaminants are summarized in the following paragraphs. Detailed test procedures are included in Appendix C to ARI Standard 700-1995: Analytical Procedures for ARI Standard 700-1995, 1995, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute. Appendix C to ARI Standard 700-1995 is incorporated by reference. [This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203. Copies may also be inspected at Public Docket No. A-92-01, Environmental Protection Agency, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC, 20460 or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal]register/code]of]federal]regulations/ibr]locations.html.] If alternative test methods are employed, the user must be able to demonstrate that they produce results equivalent to the specified referee method. 仲裁测试。各种污染物的仲裁测试方法总结于以下段落。附录C中包含有ARI标准700－1995的详细测试程序：ARI标准700-1995的分析步骤 1995，美国空调和制冷剂协会（编写的）。附录C中的ARI标准700－1995作为参考被编入[是由联邦登记负责人根据5 USC. 552（a）和联邦登记委员会1 第51 部分作为参考被编入的.(CFR—联邦登委员会)。副本或许可从美国空调和制冷剂协会获得，弗吉尼亚22203 阿林顿北部Fairfax北部4301驱动器。副本也可从公共摘要编号A-92-01、EPA华盛顿特区西北1301路径、或者国家文献记录管理局20460查到。关于此材料的国家文献记录可用性信息，请打202－741－6030，或者上网址：http://www.archives.gov/federal]register/code]of]federal]regulations/ibr]locations.html.] 如果运用更改的方法，使用者必须能验证他们结果可以替代规定的仲裁法。 5.2 Refrigerant Sampling 制冷剂的取样 5.2.1 Sampling Precautions. Special precautions should be taken to assure that representative samples are obtained for analysis. Sampling shall be done by trained laboratory personnel following accepted sampling and safety procedures. 取样注意事项。必须按照规定的注意事项以保证用于分析的样品具有代表性。取样必须由经过取样与安全培训的实验室专门人才并遵守已接受的取样与安全程序进行。 5.2.2 Gas Phase Sample. A gas phase sample shall be obtained for determining the non-condensables. Since non-condensable gases, if present, will concentrate in the vapor phase of the refrigerant, care must be exercised to eliminate introduction of air during the sample transfer. Purging is not an acceptable procedure for a gas phase sample since it may introduce a foreign product. Since R-11, R-113, and R-123 have normal boiling points at or above room temperature, non-condensable determination is not required for these refrigerants. 气体相（样品）的取样。气体样品的获得必须是用于检测不可凝结气体的。因为如果有不可凝结气体存在，它将浓缩在制冷剂的蒸气相中，所以我们在样品的转移的过程中一定要小心避免引入空气。对于气相样品来说，吹扫是不可接受的操作步骤，因为这样会带入其他的物质。由于R-11,R113,R123的标准的沸点在室温或以上，所以在测试这些制冷剂时不需要测定不凝气。 5.2.2.1 Connection. The sample cylinder shall be connected to an evacuated gas sampling bulb by means of a manifold. The manifold should have a valve arrangement that facilitates evacuation of all connecting tubing leading to the sampling bulb.连接。进样针（器）必须与一个带有支管的顶空进样球（阀）连接。支管应装有阀门以易于所有连管对顶空阀形成真空。 5.2.2.2 Equalizing Pressures. After the manifold has been evacuated, close the valve to the pump and open the valve on the system. Allow the pressure to equilibrate and close valves. 平衡压力。当支管被顶空，关闭泵阀门并打开顶空阀系统。 等压力平衡后关闭阀门。
(1) Appendix C to XXXXX 解作 XXXXX 中之附录C, 不是附录C中包含有XXXX
Detailed test procedures are included in Appendix C to ARI Standard 700-1995 详细测试程序见ARI Standard 700-1995之附录C
(2) 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203 Drive = 街, used in USA and Canada. 在北美的drive可以是窄的小路或多线行车的大道, 可根据实际情况译为大道、道、路、街或径等 22203 : 地区编号 以上地址可译可不译(直接引用原文)
(3) Copies may be obtained from the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203.
上述资料可向美国空调和制冷(or 冷藏?)学会索取 (地址 : 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203)
Copies 不一定解作“副本”, 副本是相对于原本(original)而言. 2000 copies of ARI Standard 700-1995 have been printed 意为 “印了2000本 (或份) ARI Standard 700-1995”. 在這里, 我将copies试译为“上述资料”
虽无规定, 但Institute多译为学会, Association多译为協会
(4) Copies may also be inspected at Public Docket No. A-92-01, Environmental Protection Agency, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC, 20460 or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
(5) For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal]register/code]of]federal]regulations/ibr]locations.html.]
availability 应是指是否存有 (i.e. 没有借出、没有遣失等)
(想起一个已婚女人回应一个向她调情的男人的笑话 : She said “ I am MBA (Married But Available)”, 不知Available在此处怎样译才适当)
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