The degree of opalescence may also be determined by instrumental measurement of the light absorbed or scattered on account of submicroscopic optical density inhomogeneities of opalescent solutions and suspensions. 考虑到乳浊液和混悬液的光密度不均一性，浊度也可以用光吸收或光散射的仪器法来测量。
2 such techniques are nephelometry and turbidimetry. 两种相关的仪器分析方法是浊度测定法和比浊法。
For turbidity measurement of coloured samples, ratio turbidimetry and nephelometry with ratio selection are used. 有色样品浊度的测量选择比率测浊法。
The light scattering effect of suspended particles can be measured by observation of either the transmitted light (turbidimetry) or the scattered light (nephelometry).
Ratio turbidimetry combines the principles of both nephelometry and turbidimetry. Turbidimetry and nephelometry are useful for the measurement of slightly opalescent suspensions.
Reference suspensions produced under well-defined conditions must be used. For quantitative measurements, the construction of calibration curves is essential, since the relationship between the optical properties of the suspension and the concentration of the dispersed phase is at best semi-empirical.
The determination of opalescence of coloured liquids isdone with ratio turbidimeters or nephelometers with ratioselection, since colour provides a negative interference,at tenuating both incident and scattered light and lowering the turbidity value. The effect is so great for even moderately coloured samples that conventional nephelometers cannot be used. The instrumental assessment of clarity and opalescence provides a more discriminatory test that does not depend on the visual acuity of the analyst.
Numerical results are more useful for quality monitoring and process control, especially in stability studies. For example, previous numerical data on stability can be projected to determine whether a given batch of dosage formulation or active pharmaceutical ingredient will exceed shelf-life limits prior to the expiry date.
The light scattering effect of suspended particles can be measured by observation of either the transmitted light (turbidimetry) or the scattered light (nephelometry). Ratio turbidimetry combines the principles of both nephelometry and turbidimetry. Turbidimetry and nephelometry are useful for the measurement of slightly opalescent suspensions. Reference suspensions produced under well-defined conditions must be used. For quantitative measurements, the construction of calibration curves is essential, since the relationship between the optical properties of the suspension and the concentration of the dispersed phase is at best semi-empirical. 通过投射光（投射比浊法）或散射光（散射比浊法）来测量混悬粒子的光散射效能。浊度比率结合了透射比浊法和散射比浊法二者的原理。透射比浊法和散射比浊法用于测量具有轻微乳光的混悬液。必须使用在精确的条件下制得的标准混悬液。因为混悬液的光学性质与分散相的浓度之间的关系最多是一个半经验值，所以定量测定主要使用标准曲线法。
The determination of opalescence of coloured liquids is done with ratio turbidimeters or nephelometers with ratio selection, since colour provides a negative interference, attenuating both incident and scattered light and lowering the turbidity value. The effect is so great for even moderately coloured samples that conventional nephelometers cannot be used. 因为溶液颜色会产生负干扰，衰减入射光和散射光并降低浊度值，用比率透射浊度法和可选择比率的散射浊度法测定有色溶液的乳光。对于正好适度的有色样品，效果非常好，以至于常规的浊度仪不再使用。
The instrumental assessment of clarity and opalescence provides a more discriminatory test that does not depend on the visual acuity of the analyst. Numerical results are more useful for quality monitoring and process control, especially in stability studies. For example, previous numerical data on stability can be projected to determine whether a given batch of dosage formulation or active pharmaceutical ingredient will exceed shelf-life limits prior to the expiry date. 用仪器来判断澄清度和乳光，试验所提供的分辨能力更强，不再依靠分析者的视觉敏锐性来判断。对于定性监控和过程控制，特别是稳定性研究，数字化结果更有用。例如，之前所得的关于稳定性的数字化资料用于判断一个给定批号的剂量成分或活性药物组分是否超过了贮存期限或者没过有效期。
The degree of opalescence may also be determined by instrumental measurement of the light absorbed or scattered on account of submicroscopic optical density inhomogeneities of opalescent solutions and suspensions. 2 such techniques are nephelometry and turbidimetry. For turbidity measurement of coloured samples, ratio turbidimetry and nephelometry with ratio selection are used. 该仪器是根据浑浊液和悬着液亚显微镜光密度的不均一性来测量光的吸收或光的散射，即散射测浊法和透射测浊法。对于有色样品的浊度测试法，要用到比率透射比浊法和可选择比率的散射比浊法。
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