美味菜肴的香气的gcMS分析----过桥石斑鱼
1.2 样品和标样
样品:过桥石斑鱼,现场采集于自青岛XX海鲜大酒楼。
所有香气化合物标准品均来自Sigma-Aldrich等主要试剂公司,少数为实验室内部精制标样。C6-C30正构烷混合标准物来自AccuStandard
色谱柱:安捷伦HP-Innowax (60m×0.25 mm ( i.d.)×0.25μm)毛细管柱;
升温程序:60℃,以3 ℃/min升至250℃,保持68 min;
载气(He,纯度99.999%以上)流速1.6 mL/min;
进样口温度250℃,不分流进样。
1.3.2质谱条件:
电子轰击(EI)离子源;电子能量70eV;传输线温度280℃;离子源温度约180℃;四级
杆温度150℃。SCAN扫描范围:29-400。
No 序号 | Chemical Name 名称 | Area% | Flavor Profile 香气概貌(部分) |
1 | Trimethyl Amine | 0.005 | fishy |
2 | Ethanethiol | 0.006 | |
3 | Dimethyl sulfide | 0.052 | Vegetable, seafood |
4 | Nonane | 2.277 | |
5 | Ethanol | 0.031 | |
6 | 2-Ethyl furan | 0.010 | |
7 | Methyl propyl ketone | 0.031 | |
8 | Valeraldehyde | 0.058 | Green |
9 | Decane | 0.047 | |
10 | Pinene alpha | 0.348 | Woody, pine |
11 | Camphene | 0.242 | Pine, spicy |
12 | Hexanal | 0.010 | Green, apple |
13 | Pinene beta | 0.434 | Woody, pine |
14 | Undecane | 0.249 | |
15 | Methyl fururyl disulfide | 0.005 | |
16 | Carene delta 3 | 2.590 | |
17 | Myrcene | 1.156 | Woody, mango |
18 | Phellandrene alpha | 1.081 | |
19 | Terpinene alpha | 0.047 | |
20 | Limonene | 6.316 | Citrus |
21 | Phellandrene beta | 1.148 | |
22 | Dodecane | 0.010 | |
23 | Eucalyptol | 1.953 | |
24 | 2-pentyl furan | 0.124 | Green |
25 | Ethyl caproate | 0.005 | Fruity, pineapple |
26 | Terpinene gamma | 0.066 | |
27 | Pentanol | 0.063 | Alcoholic |
28 | Diisopropyl disulfide | 0.005 | Onion, garlic |
29 | Cymol p | 0.544 | Spicy |
30 | Acetoin | 0.010 | |
31 | Terpinolene | 0.535 | |
32 | Octanal | 0.196 | Orange |
33 | Tridecane | 0.181 | |
34 | 2-heptanol | 0.148 | |
35 | 2,3-octanedione | 0.042 | |
36 | N,N-dimethyl-formamide | 0.005 | |
37 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.213 | Green, citrus, vegetable |
38 | Hexanol | 0.005 | Green, alcoholic |
39 | Octen-3-yl acetate | 0.078 | Mushroom |
40 | Dipropyl disulfide | 0.078 | Onion |
41 | 2-nonanone | 0.005 | |
42 | Nonanal | 0.275 | Lemon-like |
43 | Rose furan | 0.141 | |
44 | Tr-2-octenal | 0.139 | Green, fatty |
45 | Tetradecane | 0.401 | |
46 | 3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-furan | 0.005 | |
47 | Amyl vinyl carbinol | 0.057 | Mushroom |
48 | Acetic acid | 0.166 | Vinegar |
49 | Furfural | 0.003 | |
50 | Copaene alpha | 1.318 | |
51 | 2-ethyl-hexanol | 0.344 | Alcoholic |
52 | Elemene delta | 3.027 | |
53 | Tr-2-tr-4-heptadienal | 0.005 | Green, nutty |
54 | Decanal | 7.930 | |
55 | Pentadecane | 0.924 | |
56 | Benzaldehyde | 0.420 | Almond |
57 | Tr-2-nonenal | 0.094 | Fatty |
58 | Linalool | 1.179 | Fragrant, citrus, coriander |
59 | Aromadendrene | 0.377 | |
60 | Bornyl acetate | 0.295 | Piney, woody |
61 | Cubebene beta | 0.065 | |
62 | 5-methyl furfural | 0.060 | |
63 | Longicyclolene | 0.050 | |
64 | Elemene beta | 0.564 | |
65 | Caryophyllene beta | 23.531 | Woody, spicy |
66 | Aldehyde C11 undecylic | 0.316 | Fatty, orange, carrot |
67 | 2-acetyl thiazole | 0.016 | Nutty |
68 | Tr-2-decenal | 1.679 | Fatty |
69 | Furfuryl alcohol | 0.213 | Brown, sugar |
70 | Neral | 3.941 | Citrus, lemon |
71 | Humulene alpha | 1.790 | |
72 | Terpineol alpha | 1.339 | Floral, lime |
73 | Borneol | 1.183 | Musty, earthy |
74 | Naphthalene | 0.818 | |
75 | Germacrene D | 0.055 | |
76 | Heptadecane | 2.339 | |
77 | Valencene | 0.316 | |
78 | Zingiberene | 2.429 | |
79 | Geranial | 6.625 | Citrus, lemon |
80 | Docanol | 2.427 | |
81 | Neryl acetate | 0.068 | Citrus, fruity |
82 | Farnesene alpha | 0.515 | |
83 | Citronellol | 0.521 | |
84 | Sesquiphellandrene | 0.934 | |
85 | Ar-curcumene | 0.995 | |
86 | Myrtenol | 0.005 | |
87 | Nerol | 0.109 | |
88 | Phellandrene epoxide | 0.122 | |
89 | Methyl laurate | 0.087 | |
90 | Tr-2-tr-4-decadienal | 0.238 | Fatty, chicken |
91 | 2E-decenol | 0.371 | |
92 | Anethole | 0.147 | Anise |
93 | Tr-2-carveol | 0.167 | Spearmint-like |
94 | Tr-calamene | 0.046 | |
95 | p-cymen-9-ol | 0.092 | |
96 | Geraniol | 0.896 | Citrus, fruity |
97 | Methyl naphthaline | 0.109 | |
98 | Tr-dodecene-2-al | 2.002 | Citrus, mandarin |
99 | 2-methyl naphthaline | 0.015 | |
100 | BHT | 0.295 | |
101 | Myristic aldehyde | 0.085 | |
102 | dimethyl naphthalene | 0.123 | |
103 | Dodecanol | 0.023 | Fatty |
104 | Tr-2-tridecenal | 0.078 | Orange, citrus |
105 | Caryophyllene oxide | 0.303 | |
106 | Tr-2-tridecenol | 0.862 | |
107 | Phenol | 0.020 | Medicine, phenolic |
108 | Nerolidol | 0.005 | |
109 | p-cresol | 0.213 | Smoky, phenolic |
110 | m-cresol | 1.533 | |
111 | 2E-tetradecenal | 0.015 | |
112 | unknown | 0.010 | |
113 | Palmitic aldehyde | 0.758 | |
114 | Carvecrol | 0.015 | |
115 | 5-methyl-2-octyl-3(2H)-furanone | 0.015 | |
116 | 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine | 0.051 | |
117 | Hexyl salicylate | 0.052 | |
118 | Heliotropin | 0.097 | Caramel, sweet |
119 | Unknown | 0.080 | |
120 | Lactiforenol | 0.408 | |
121 | 1(12),8(15)-caryophylladien-9-ol | 0.100 | |
122 | 1(12),7-caryophyladien-9-ol | 0.085 | |
123 | Succinimide | 0.005 | |
124 | Skatole | 0.004 | |
125 | Lauric acid | 0.010 | Butter, soapy |
126 | 3-butyl-3A,4,5,6-TH-phthalide | 0.051 | |
Total | 100.000 |
从上述结果来看,从过桥石斑鱼里一共鉴定测定了124个香气组分。其中有来自调料香料本身出现的成分,石斑鱼烹调后的香气成分,油脂加热之后的香气成分等。