Chinese universities had a limited research role in the past, but the value of associating research with graduate education, characteristic of the Western model, has taken root. 在过去,中国的很多大学在研究领域中所起的作用非常有限,但是,研究生相关研究的价值和西方的模式特征,已经开始生根。 原文似乎没有这个意思 但具有西方模式特征的、与研究生教育相关的科研方式,
The role of CAS in relation to universities has become a more pressing issue, especially with regard to sharing of facilities and staff, training and subsequent employment of graduate students, and leadership roles in high priority areas of research. 中科院与大学的关系中,现在也变得越来越成为一个迫切的问题,特别是在设施和人员的共享、研究生的培养及其以后的就业,以 中科院与大学之间的关系已经成为一个日益紧迫的问题 及在研究中高端领域中领导地位这些方面。 高端研究领域中的领导地位 3 CAS faces a series of questions as it moves to the next phase of KIP. 在进入知识创新工程的下一阶段之际,中科院面临一系列的问题。
4 Do its strategies (including funding and evaluation systems) encourage development of a culture of creativity where risk-taking, initiative, and new ideas are supported and rewarded? 在一个承担风险、自主性和新观念都得到支持和回报的地方,她的战略(包括资金和评估体系)是否鼓励创新文化的发展? 建议改为:她的策略(包括资金和评估体系)是否鼓励发展创新型文化,而这种文化会支持和奖励承担风险、主动性和新思路。 5 Can CAS develop R&D managers with the skills and training for managing interdisciplinary teams in an increasingly international environment? 在日益国际化的环境中,中科院能否培养出具有管理多学科团队的技巧和素养的研发管理人员?
6 How should CAS set priorities related to its stakeholders, and develop an organizational structure that fits diverse needs? 中科院如何在其利益相关者之间确定优先权,并且开发出满足各种各样要求的组织结构。
7 Should it define its mission principally in terms of the supply of public or private goods, and how does it define “success”? 中科院是否应该把其任务限定为提供公众还是个人产品,以及应该如何定义“成功”? 中科院是否应该将其科研工作限定为主要提供公众或个人产品 8 How can its educational mission meet its own needs and complement the activities of Chinese universities? 她的教育使命如何满足自身的需要,并且对众多大学的活动进行补充? 中国 9 In its commitment to serve national needs, can it also be a credible international partner? 在其为国家服务的承诺中,她是否还是一个值得信赖的国际性合作伙伴?
10 In its efforts to reinvent itself, CAS still faces formidable problems of internal management and building new relations with the broader national innovation system. 在中科院重塑自身的努力中,在内部管理和与更宽广的全国性创新体制建立新型关系方面,还需要面对艰巨的难题。 主语是否可移到主句中? 11 Despite these, the trajectory set by KIP helps ensure a central role for CAS in China’s emergence as a major player in international research and innovation. 尽管如此,中国日益成为国际研究和创新中主要成员,知识创新工程所确定的方针路线有助于保证中科院在这个过程中发挥出核心作用。 由于中国逐渐成为国际科研和创新的主要成员
CAS and the National System of Innovation(NIS). As China has moved from a planned to a market economy, there is a growing realization among policy-makers that Chinese industry must become far more innovative. As a result,government policy has recently favored the expanded development of research in business enterprises, with more than 60% of the nation’s R&D reportedly now supported by industry (10). The importance of building an “enterprisecentered NIS” was reaffirmed in the MLP, and proindustry policy measures will be introduced to make it a reality over the next 15 years. 中国科学院与国家创新体系。因为中国已经由计划经济步入市场经济,政策制定者有一个日渐增长的认识:中国的工业必须变得更 加具有创新性。结果是,政府最近制定的政策已经支持在商业投资中科研的膨胀性发展,其中已经报道的由工业支持的国家级研发 政府政策目前已倾向于鼓励商业性企业中科研的扩大发展,据报道,超过60%的国家 已超过其投资的60%。构建一个工业化的国家创新体系的重要性在十五年中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(MLP)中再度得到肯定。 研发工作目前由工业支持 “企业主导的国家创新体系”(?不知道是不是这么说) 已经引进的前工业政策措施让该创新体系在下一个15年以后成为现实。 为了使其在后15年中实现,将引入前期工业(?不确定)政策措施