主题:【分享】CD63:早期诊断和精准治疗的冉冉新星

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CD63也被称为溶酶体相关膜蛋白3(LAMP3),属于四次跨膜蛋白超家族成员,与细胞的活化、黏附、变异及肿瘤的侵袭、转移等有关。CD63是外泌体特异性标志蛋白,为新型药物递送及靶向外泌体提供契机,还可作为肿瘤的潜在标志物(如卵巢癌、肺癌等)。研究人员利用重组CD63蛋白开发多种适配体,用于非侵入型外泌体的检测。CD63靶点的多面性为治疗、诊断和生物医学研究带来新希望。

01 CD63生理学和病理学意义

CD63参与多种细胞进程,在晚期内体和多泡体的细胞蛋白分选中发挥关键作用,促进外泌体形成。通过靶向CD63介导外泌体药物的精准递送有助于实现靶向治疗。在免疫反应中,表达CD63的外泌体有助于抗原呈递并激活CD4+T细胞进行免疫调控。这凸显了CD63在免疫治疗中的重要性及其作为小分子抑制剂靶点的潜力。此外,它与整合素的相互作用控制细胞粘附和迁移。

除了在细胞稳态中的发挥基本功能外,CD63在多种肿瘤中均有表达,可促进肿瘤生长并调节肿瘤微环境,可作为癌症治疗的潜在靶标。此外,研究证明CD63外泌体在卵巢癌和肺癌等特定癌症中差异表达,表明其作为诊断生物标志物的潜在用途,对早期诊断和个性化治疗方案的制定产生影响。

CD63 作为诊断及治疗一体化靶点

(源自:https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202300078)



02 CD63从实验室到临床应用

CD63靶点的多样性为治疗干预提供了广阔的应用前景。在个性化医疗和靶向治疗中,直接或间接地将治疗药物添加到外泌体中已成为一种新的策略。这一创新的方案为精确治疗和疗效改善奠定了基础。值得一提的是,作为创新药物递送载体--细胞来源的胞外囊泡(EVs)已在癌症治疗的研究中如火如荼地开展,其表面表达CD9、CD63、CD81和CD82标记物。这些源自植物细胞、间充质细胞、T细胞和树突状细胞的外泌体具有作为有效药物载体的潜力,对多种疾病的治疗发挥作用。除了其治疗潜力外,CD63存在于外泌体和循环囊泡中,使其适用于从生物体液中进行非侵入性检测。这一先天优势为疾病早期诊断和持续监测开辟了新的途径。截至2023年8月,已有2项针对CD63的临床前研究。



临床试验中CD63靶向药物列表

药物药物类型适应证临床阶段
AAV-GAA gene therapy (Pompe disease)腺病毒相关病毒、酶、

重组病毒、抗体
II型糖原累积病临床前
anti-CD63 fusion protein抗体偶联、融合蛋白、重组酶溶酶体贮积症(LSD)临床前


来源:https://data.pharnexcloud.com/

03 CD63在研究中的应用

CD63重组蛋白可用于新型核酸适体的开发。张振团队开发了一种无需分离纯化、基于适体的荧光偏振检测外泌体的方法(AFPExo)。AFPExo通过荧光偏振检测外泌体,为临床研究分析外泌体提供了一种可靠的方案。刘静团队进行的另一项研究,鉴定出一种新的核酸适体LL4A,用于CD63高表达的PLX4032耐药黑色素瘤患者的预后及靶向治疗。通过抗体或抑制剂阻断CD63的表达,并使用LL4A作为CD63 siRNA的递送工具,有望成为威罗菲尼(Vemurafenib)的新型联合疗法一个潜在新选择。



A. AFPExo法测定外泌体的选择性。使用5.0 μg/mL的CD63和BSA进行检测,结果显示外泌体特异性结合CD63。B. 荧光偏振随CD63浓度变化的曲线图(插图为荧光偏振对ΔFP的线性图),结果显示外泌体对CD63表现出高灵敏度,随CD63浓度的增加而增加。(源自:https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR01589B)



通过一系列实验证实CD63是LL4A的结合靶点,图为酶联寡核苷酸测定法(ELONA)测定纯化的CD63重组蛋白(货号:11271-H08H,His标签,义翘神州)与LL4A的解离常数。(源自:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.005)

?义翘神州CD63明星产品

高纯度:

CD63 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag), HPLC-verified, Cat: 50557-M08H



Purity ≥ 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE, ≥ 95 % as determined by SEC-HPLC.



CD63 Protein, Human, Recombinant ( hFc Tag), HPLC-verified, Cat: 11271-H02H



Purity ≥ 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE, ≥ 95 % as determined by SEC-HPLC.



相关应用: FCM, ICC/IF

Anti-CD63 Antibody, Mouse MAb,  Cat: 11271-MM03



Immunofluorescence staining of CD63 in MCF7 cells.



相关应用: IHC-P

Anti-CD63 Antibody, Mouse MAb,  Cat: 11271-MM01



Immunochemical staining of human CD63 in human malignant melanoma.

【参考文献】

1. Cheerathodi, M, et al. Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Modulates the CD63 Interactome. Viruses, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13040675

2. Yu, D, et al. Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy. Molecular cancer, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01509-9

3. Mosquera-Heredia, et al. Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081061

4. Z. Song, et al. Development of a CD63 aptamer for efficient cancer immunochemistry and Immunoaffinity-Based exosome Isolation. Molecules, 2020. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235585.

5. Zhang, Z., et al. Aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay for separation-free exosome quantification. Nanoscale, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01589b

6. Li, H., et al. A Novel Aptamer LL4A Specifically Targets Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma through Binding to the CD63 Protein. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.005

7. S. Tugues et al. Tetraspanin CD63 promotes vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-Β1 integrin complex formation, thereby regulating activation and downstream signaling in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2013. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m113.468199.

8. Lema, D. A., & Burlingham, W. J. Role of exosomes in tumour and transplant immune regulation. Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12807

9. Valencia, J. C., Egbukichi, N., & Erwin-Cohen, R. A. Autoimmunity and Cancer, the Paradox Comorbidities Challenging Therapy in the Context of Preexisting Autoimmunity. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2018.0060

10. W. Sun, J. Luo, H. Jiang, and D. Duan, Tumor exosomes: a double-edged sword in cancer therapy. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2018. doi: 10.1038/aps.2018.17.

11. Akbari, A.,et al. Engineered Exosomes for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery: A Focus on Genetic and Chemical Functionalization. Pharmaceutics, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010066

12. B. De Goeij et al. Efficient payload delivery by a bispecific Antibody–Drug conjugate targeting HER2 and CD63. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2016. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0364.

13. Dai, X., Ye, Y., & He, F. Emerging innovations on exosome-based onco-therapeutics. Frontiers in immunology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.865245

14. Kim, J. H., Lee, C. H., & Baek, M. C. Dissecting exosome inhibitors: therapeutic insights into small-molecule chemicals against cancer. Experimental & molecular medicine, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-022-00898-7

15. Herrmann, I. K., Wood, M. J. A., & Fuhrmann, G. Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform. Nature nanotechnology, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00931-2

16. Rezaie, J., Feghhi, M., & Etemadi, T. A review on exosomes application in clinical trials: perspective, questions, and challenges. Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-022-00959-4

17. H. Odaka, et al. CD63-positive extracellular vesicles are potential diagnostic biomarkers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterology, 2022. doi: 10.1186/s12876-022-02228-7.

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